An overview of languages other than english in australian education. Language policy and planning decisions arise in response to sociopolitical needs. Apply these functions to compare english and spanish in the us. This languageineducation policy document should be seen as part of a continuous process by which policy for language in education is being developed as part of a national language plan encompassing all. Language policies and practices may either promote or restrict the teaching. Term 2 objectives and learning outcomes of the module.
Court interpreters act of 1978, which provides an interpreter to any victim, witne. This language ineducation policy document should be seen as part of a continuous process by which policy for language in education is being developed as part of a national language plan encompassing all. Language planning and policy werner kummer with stephan gramley every planned intervention by a subnational, national, or supranational political organization which is directed toward the otherwise unregulated development of a language or any of its varieties can be regarded as an act of language planning and language policy. In this paper the term language planning has been preferred to language planning and language policy.
Every planned intervention by a subnational, national, or supranational political. However, language can also become a problem and a barrier to communication, which necessitates language planning. Decisions about language policies, requirements, and practices have important consequences in all social contexts. Cooper 1989 defines language planning as the activity of preparing a normative orthography, grammar, and dictionary for the guidance of writers and speakers in a nonhomogeneous speech. Based on an australian study creating sociolinguistic profiles of nine languages other than english lote commonly used in australia, the report examines implications for public language policy and planning. The deliberate effort to influence the function, structure or acquisition of a language within a speech community. The language policy which emerged as a political consensus in the formative years of. Fishman and ofelia garcia consider it as part of sociolinguistics. It might also function as a useful point of comparison for language planning and language policy in the european union as it exists today. Some of their work, such as the pioneering studies of the language situation in east africa, made efforts to build databases.
This is the first handbook to deal with language policy as a whole and is a complete stateofthefield survey, covering language practices. Language policy and planning in new zealand annual. Language planning decisions may be required, for example, where a number of linguistic groups compete for access to the mechanisms of daytoday life, or where a particular linguistic minority is denied access to such mechanisms. As the main agent in the process of language planning, government usually utilizes language planning to achieve its covert or noncovert aims such as political stability and economic. Court interpreters act of 1978, which provides an interpreter to any victim, witness, or a defendant. Discusses the problems of language policy and planning in terms of past history. View language policy and planning research papers on academia. Kaplan and joseph lo bianco argue that language policy is a branch of applied linguistics as a field, language policy used to be known as language planning and is related. Throughout the module, consideration is given to the application of. But language policy exists even where it has not been made explicit or established by authority. Language policy and planning how is language policy and. Language policy and planning and linguistic landscapes.
Language policy and language planning by william f. Introduction purpose of the guide this guide is intended to support first nations communities, governments, schools and language authorities across british columbia in the implementation of language policies and programs that lead to. Language policy is an interdisciplinary academic field. Language policy and planning in new zealand volume 14 robert b. Cooper 1989, schiffman 1996, and kaplan and baldauf. Language planning and policies summary steve nicolle the process of language planning the american linguist einar haugen 1966, 1987 suggested that. Language policy and planning in language education. Cooper 1989 defines language planning as the activity of preparing a normative orthography, grammar, and dictionary for the guidance of. National language policy framework 2003 diversity and to the challenges of constitutional multilingualism, hence the introduction of this national language policy framework. On the other hand, other scholars such as bernard spolsky, robert b. Language is an asset and a primary instrument of human communication. Acquisition planning typically describes language teaching policies cooper, 1989. However, they actually represent two quite distinct aspects of the systemised language change process. Hornberger, 2006 or language policy and language planning lplp wright, 2004, suggesting that both terms are needed in order to capture their distinctive roles one referring to language changes by the state or authoritative orga.
Language planning refers to various efforts by governments to create policies or plans around issues of language. On the one hand, it is possible to locate the origins of language policy as a subfield within applied linguistics dating back some 50 years, and coming of age as a discipline unto itself within the last 25 years. Language policy and planning research papers academia. The impact of language policy and practice on childrens learning. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. The diachronic study of language planning has the potential to enrich synchronic views on the phenomenon and. Rwanda, an african country, which has received little attention up until now in the scheme of language planning, decided to implement a new language policy at the end of 2008 and has been undergoing change since. Language policy and language planning wiley online library. Mar 19, 2014 language planning and language policy 1.
Language policy and planning in south africa annual. In schools, the result was an imposition of english language and anglo culture on minorities, which goes back to the deculturation of american indians through the system of englishonly boarding schools. Language policy and planning in botswana, malawi, mozambique. View language planning and policy research papers on academia. Along this route, the importance of language planning for public policy studies becomes almost selfevident. The politics of language planning 115 indeed exist, as well as the socioeconomic, political and cultural implications that they carry with them. Academic involvement in language policy and planning in south africa must be seen within the context of the countrys sociolinguistic complexity and the relationship between language and a number of serious problems in the country. Two main modern pronouncements on language policy in nigeria merit our attention, to wit the national policy on education 1977, revised in 1981, and the 1979 constitution, which is more cited than its 1989 reincarnation. This timely collection makes a useful contribution to the growing body of language planning literature and will serve as a useful reference to illustrate the complex connections between literacy and language planning. Pdf language policy and planning and linguistic landscapes. The impact of language policy and practice on childrens. Language planning also known as language engineering is a deliberate effort to influence the function, structure or acquisition of languages or language varieties within a speech community. Given some of these issues, it is useful to consider the role of agency in language planning and policy lpp. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
However, throughout much of the book i will use language planning and policy, often referred to as lpp, both out of respect for the tradition of research that gave rise to the field language planning and the historical trajectory because the two fields have, for all intents and purposes, coalesced into one hornberger2006a. In some african states, the costs monetary, human, and temporal of civil war, rapidly varying commodity prices, human resources shortages, the aids epidemic, etc. Pdf on jul 5, 2017, prashneel ravisan goundar and others published the characteristics of language policy and planning research. Let us accept for the moment a preliminary definition of lp see section 4 below for further discussion as the planning of deliberate changes in the form or use of a language or a variety, or languages or varieties. Dec 03, 2014 definitions the discipline of language planning has been defined as systematic, futureoriented change in language code corpus planning, use status planning, learning and speaking languageineducation planning andor language promotion prestige planning undertaken by some authoritative organisation most frequently by governments. This collection serves as a valuable resource that demonstrates local language planning for literacy in action. The institute for language and education policy has as its goal researchbased advocacy for schools and communities. Guide to language policy and planning for bc first nations. Language planning when the government chooses a variety as a national or official language, it does language planning.
Political factors, essentially and constantly impact on language planning, are considerations that relate the general policy of a country to its language policy. Kaplan and joseph lo bianco argue that language policy is a branch of applied linguistics. The field of language policy and planning has evolved over the past half century into a flourishing field of academic inquiry, with identifiable research agendas, methods, and findings. Language planning refers to deliberate efforts to influence the behavior of others with respect to the acquisition, structure, or functional allocation of their language codes cooper, 1989, p. This article considers the relevance of language policy and planning lpp for. Language planning and policy arise out of sociopolitical situations where, for example, speakers of various languages compete for resources or where a particular linguistic minority is denied access to basic rights. Many countries and institutions and social groups do not have formal or written language policies, so that the nature of their language policy must be derived from a study of their language practice or beliefs. Two principles most basic to language policy orientation are. This is the opening chapter to the oxford handbook of language policy and planning, a project that aims to go beyond just providing a set of summaries of specific subfields within language policy and planning studies although some will be provided. Edited by thomas ricento, alongside an editorial advisory group of five leading scholars, this new routledge. Language planning and policy 15plih032 soas university. Document resume ed 233 562 fl 0 652 title note 22p. If the topic of language policy and planning is new to you, it would prob ably be most.
Definitions the discipline of language planning has been defined as systematic, futureoriented change in language code corpus planning, use status planning, learning and speaking languageineducation planning andor language promotion prestige planning undertaken by some authoritative organisation most frequently by governments. School of education, university of queensland, australia. The language education policy provides direction for the treatment of language issues in the jamaican educational context, in order to improve language and literacy competencies. Language planning and policy research papers academia. The impact of language policy and practice on childrens learning argues that improved evidence, networking, southtosouth learning and advocacy are going to be crucial to create a focus on mothertongue education environments. Here are five areas into which the class discussion of language planning and language policy will be divided. List several of fasolds language functions and identify the attributes of each. Language in education policy in terms of section 34m of the national education policy act, 1996 act 27 of 1996 5. The politics of language planning in postapartheid south. It gives a sense of identity to an individual as well as a social group. These decisions influence the right to use and maintain languages, affect language status, and determine which languages are nurtured. Language planning hereafter lp refers to activities that attempt to bring about changes in the structure corpus and functions thus, status of languages and or language varieties, using sociolinguistic concepts and information to make policy decisions and to implement them, in order to deal with linguistic and or extralinguistic problems at the national, international or.
Mar 16, 2019 language planning and policy arise out of sociopolitical situations where, for example, speakers of various languages compete for resources or where a particular linguistic minority is denied access to basic rights. The threelanguage formula language planning for school education in india can be seen more as a question of status planning rather than corpus or acquisition planning. There are several different reasons why it might be necessary. Even when guided by national or state topdown policy agendas, policies can be interpreted and reinterpreted, by policy intermediaries, agents, administrators, or arbiters johnson, 20.
This followed the decision of cabinet in 1999 to prioritise the development of a language framework for higher education. Language planning hereafter lp refers to activities that attempt to bring about changes in the structure corpus and functions thus, status of languages andor language varieties, using sociolinguistic concepts and information to make policy decisions and to implement them, in order to deal with linguistic andor extralinguistic problems at the national, international or. Language planning decisions may be required, for example, where a number of linguistic groups compete for access to the mechanisms of daytoday life, or where a particular linguistic minority. Traditionally, the discourse on language policy in the u. Language planning and language policy linkedin slideshare. Problems of the multiplicity of languages in the sovereign state.
The report provides a critical evidence base for responding to the changing development context. The characteristics of language policy and planning research. This chapter has been compiled to provide an overview of the language policing and planning lpp field, particularly for new researchers who would like to pursue their ma or phd. Kaplan skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. The cambridge handbook of language policy over the last fifty years, language policy has developed into a major discipline, drawing on research and practice in many nations and at many levels. Pdf the characteristics of language policy and planning. The terms language planning and language policy are frequently used, in both the technical and the popular literature, either interchangeably or in tandem.
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